Normative approaches in organizations: Leadership.

In a normative approach, it is argued that there are different ways to achieve change in organizations and maintain it.

System 1. Operator type
In this system the administration is autocratic, governed by fear and threats. The communication is given in one direction and basically are orders of how things should be done. The decisions are made by the boss, manager or director. People feel exploited.
The guidelines and instructions are specific

System 2. Benevolent authoritarian (also called paternalistic) In this administration a system of rewards based on fear and punishment is managed. People tend to generate an attitude of servility, because the boss only listens to what he wants to hear. The decisions are made by the boss and there is little communication. It may be imperative but people do not feel exploited.
It gives the impression that one works in a stable and structured environment.

3. Consultative System
There is a style of reward in this system with occasional punishments. Communication flows both ways, but in limited quantities and with caution. The subordinates have little influence on the decisions made by the boss, only when it comes to specific decisions of the position, the subordinates feel free to take them instead of the boss. Superiors have confidence in their employees but it is not complete.

It is considered a very dynamic environment, in which the administration works on the basis of achievable objectives and goals.

System 4. Participatory management Also called democratic administration.
Economic rewards are granted. The group tends to be participatory and high performance goals are established. The processes and methods of work are favored because communication is precise and flows in both directions. Both the subordinates and the bosses are close and have good interpersonal relationships. This system promotes an increase in productivity. Key decisions are made by consensus.

In this system, the objectives and goals are established based on strategic planning.

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